In a large cyber-physical system, a temporal inconsistency of an output value can arise if there is a non-negligible delay between the instant when a sensor value is acquired from the environment and the instant when a setpoint, based on this sensor value, is used in the environment. Such a temporal inconsistency can be the cause of a critical malfunction of the cyber-physical system. This paper presents a solution of this temporal consistency problem that can best be implemented in a time-triggered architecture (TTA). In a TTA, the instants of sensor value acquisition, setpoint calculation, and actuation on the environment are statically configured, and the cyber-physical system implements software and hardware mechanisms to execute the respective actions tightly at these configured instants.

翻译：在大型信息物理系统中，若从环境获取传感器值的时刻与基于该传感器值在环境中使用设定值的时刻之间存在不可忽略的延迟，则可能引发输出值的时间不一致性。此类时间不一致性可能导致信息物理系统的严重故障。本文提出了一种时间一致性问题的解决方案，该方案最适合在时间触发架构中实现。在时间触发架构中，传感器值采集、设定值计算及环境执行动作的时刻均采用静态配置，信息物理系统通过软硬件机制确保在预设时刻精确执行相应操作。