In power systems, the incorporation of capacitors offers a wide range of established advantages. These benefits encompass the enhancement of the systems power factor, optimization of voltage profiles, increased capacity for current flow through cables and transformers, and the mitigation of losses attributed to the compensation of reactive power components. Different techniques have been applied to enhance the performance of the distribution system by reducing line losses. This paper focuses on reducing line losses through the optimal placement and sizing of capacitors. Optimal capacitor placement is analysed using load flow analysis with the Newton Raphson method. The placement of capacitor optimization is related to the sensitivity of the buses, which depends on the loss sensitivity factor. The optimal capacitor size is determined using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The analysis is conducted using the IEEE 14 bus system in MATLAB. The results reveal that placing capacitors at the most sensitive bus locations leads to a significant reduction in line losses. Additionally, the optimal capacitor size has a substantial impact on improving the voltage profile and the power loss is reduced by 21.02 percent through the proposed method.

翻译：在电力系统中，电容器的接入具有诸多公认优势。这些优势包括：提升系统功率因数、优化电压分布、提高电缆及变压器的电流承载能力，以及通过无功功率补偿降低损耗。为通过减少线路损耗来改善配电系统性能，已有多种技术被应用。本文着重研究如何通过电容器的优化配置与容量选择来降低线路损耗。采用牛顿-拉夫逊法进行潮流分析，以实现电容器的最佳布点。电容器的安装位置优化与母线灵敏度相关，该灵敏度取决于损耗灵敏度因子。电容器的最佳容量则通过粒子群优化算法确定。基于MATLAB软件，以IEEE 14节点系统为算例进行分析。结果表明，将电容器布置在最灵敏的母线位置可显著减少线路损耗。此外，最优电容器容量对改善电压分布具有显著效果，通过所提方法，功率损耗降低了21.02%。