In this study, we have experimentally modelled the movement of a bee colony in a hive during the winter season and developed a monitoring system that allows tracking the movement of the bee colony and honey consumption. The monitoring system consists of four load cells connected to the RP2040 controller based on the Raspberry Pi Pico board, from which data is transmitted via the MQTT protocol to the Raspberry Pi 5 microcomputer via a Wi-Fi network. The processed data from the Raspberry Pi 5 is recorded in a MySQL database. The algorithm for finding the location of the bee colony in the hive works correctly, the trajectory of movement based on the data from the sensors repeats the physical movement in the experiment, which is an imitation of the movement of the bee colony in real conditions. The proposed monitoring system provides continuous observation of the bee colony without adversely affecting its natural activities and can be integrated with various wireless data networks. This is a promising tool for improving the efficiency of beekeeping and maintaining the health of bee colonies.

翻译：本研究通过实验模拟了冬季蜂群在蜂巢内的活动，并开发了一种能够追踪蜂群移动及蜂蜜消耗的监测系统。该监测系统由四个连接到基于Raspberry Pi Pico开发板的RP2040控制器的称重传感器构成，数据通过Wi-Fi网络经由MQTT协议传输至Raspberry Pi 5微型计算机。来自Raspberry Pi 5的处理数据被记录在MySQL数据库中。用于定位蜂群在蜂巢内位置的算法运行正确，基于传感器数据绘制的移动轨迹在实验中复现了物理移动过程，这模拟了真实条件下蜂群的活动。所提出的监测系统能够在不影响蜂群自然活动的前提下提供连续观测，并可集成到各类无线数据网络中。该系统是提升养蜂效率与维护蜂群健康的一种前景广阔的工具。