We present large-eddy-simulation (LES) modeling approaches for the simulation of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence that are of direct relevance to wind energy production. In this paper, we study a GABLS benchmark problem using high-order spectral element code Nek5000/RS and a block-structured second-order finite-volume code AMR-Wind which are supported under the DOE's Exascale Computing Project (ECP) Center for Efficient Exascale Discretizations (CEED) and ExaWind projects, respectively, targeting application simulations on various acceleration-device based exascale computing platforms. As for Nek5000/RS we demonstrate our newly developed subgrid-scale (SGS) models based on mean-field eddy viscosity (MFEV), high-pass filter (HPF), and Smagorinsky (SMG) with traction boundary conditions. For the traction boundary conditions, a novel analytical approach is presented that solves for the surface friction velocity and surface kinematic temperature flux. For AMR-Wind, standard SMG is used and discussed in detail the traction boundary conditions for convergence. We provide low-order statistics, convergence and turbulent structure analysis. Verification and convergence studies were performed for both codes at various resolutions and it was found that Nek5000/RS demonstrate convergence with resolution for all ABL bulk parameters, including boundary layer and low level jet (LLJ) height. Extensive comparisons are presented with simulation data from the literature.

翻译：本文提出了与风能生产直接相关的大气边界层湍流大涡模拟（LES）建模方法。我们采用高阶谱元代码 Nek5000/RS 和块结构二阶有限体积代码 AMR-Wind 研究了 GABLS 基准问题。这两个代码分别在美国能源部（DOE）百亿亿次计算项目（ECP）的高效百亿亿次离散化中心（CEED）和 ExaWind 项目支持下开发，目标是在各类基于加速设备的百亿亿次计算平台上进行应用模拟。对于 Nek5000/RS，我们展示了基于平均场涡粘性（MFEV）、高通滤波器（HPF）和 Smagorinsky（SMG）模型并采用牵引边界条件的新开发亚格子尺度（SGS）模型。针对牵引边界条件，本文提出了一种求解表面摩擦速度和表面运动学温度通量的新型解析方法。对于 AMR-Wind，则使用了标准 SMG 模型，并详细讨论了其牵引边界条件的收敛性。我们提供了低阶统计量、收敛性及湍流结构分析。对两种代码在不同分辨率下进行了验证与收敛性研究，发现 Nek5000/RS 在所有大气边界层整体参数（包括边界层高度和低空急流（LLJ）高度）上均表现出随分辨率提高的收敛性。本文还与文献中的模拟数据进行了广泛比较。