We suggest to look at quantum measurement outcomes not through the lens of probability theory, but instead through decision theory. We introduce an original game-theoretical framework, model and algorithmic procedure where measurement scenarios are multiplayer games with a structure all observers agree on. Measurement axes and, newly, measurement outcomes are modeled as decisions with nature being an action-minimizing economic agent. We translate physical notions of causality, correlation, counterfactuals, and contextuality to particular aspects of game theory. We investigate the causal consistency of dynamic games with imperfect information from the quantum perspective and conclude that counterfactual dependencies should be distinguished from causation and correlation as a separate phenomenon of its own. Most significantly, we observe that game theory based on Nash equilibria stands in contradiction with a violation of Bell inequalities. Hence, we propose that quantum physics should be analyzed with non-Nashian game theory, the inner workings of which we demonstrate using our proposed model.

翻译：我们建议不通过概率论的视角，而是通过决策论来审视量子测量结果。我们引入了一种原创的博弈论框架、模型和算法程序，其中测量场景被视为所有观察者都认可其结构的多玩家博弈。测量轴，以及新引入的测量结果，被建模为决策，其中自然被视为一个行动最小化的经济主体。我们将物理概念中的因果性、相关性、反事实性和语境性转化为博弈论的特定方面。我们从量子视角研究了具有不完美信息的动态博弈的因果一致性，并得出结论：反事实依赖关系应被视为与因果性和相关性并列的独立现象。最重要的是，我们观察到基于纳什均衡的博弈论与贝尔不等式违背存在矛盾。因此，我们提出应使用非纳什博弈论来分析量子物理学，并通过我们提出的模型展示其内部运作机制。