The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed healthcare, facilitating remote patient monitoring, enhanced medication adherence, and chronic disease management. However, this interconnected ecosystem faces significant vulnerabilities with the advent of quantum computing, which threatens to break existing encryption standards protecting sensitive patient data in IoT-enabled medical devices. This chapter examines the quantum threat to healthcare IoT security, highlighting the potential impacts of compromised encryption, including privacy breaches, device failures, and manipulated medical records. It introduces post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and quantum-resistant techniques like quantum key distribution (QKD), addressing their application in resource-constrained healthcare IoT devices such as pacemakers, monitoring tools, and telemedicine systems. The chapter further explores the challenges of integrating these solutions and reviews global efforts in mitigating quantum risks, offering insights into suitable PQC primitives for various healthcare use cases.

翻译：物联网（IoT）已彻底改变医疗健康领域，促进了远程患者监测、提升用药依从性以及慢性病管理。然而，随着量子计算时代的到来，这一互联生态系统面临重大安全漏洞，现有保护物联网医疗设备中敏感患者数据的加密标准可能被破解。本章深入探讨医疗物联网安全面临的量子威胁，重点分析加密被攻破可能导致的隐私泄露、设备故障及医疗记录篡改等潜在影响。文中介绍了后量子密码学（PQC）及量子密钥分发（QKD）等抗量子技术，并探讨其在起搏器、监测设备、远程医疗系统等资源受限的医疗物联网设备中的应用。本章进一步剖析了整合这些解决方案所面临的挑战，综述全球在缓解量子风险方面的努力，并为不同医疗应用场景提供适配的PQC原语选择建议。