The recent development of quantum computing, which uses entanglement, superposition, and other quantum fundamental concepts, can provide substantial processing advantages over traditional computing. These quantum features help solve many complex problems that cannot be solved with conventional computing methods. These problems include modeling quantum mechanics, logistics, chemical-based advances, drug design, statistical science, sustainable energy, banking, reliable communication, and quantum chemical engineering. The last few years have witnessed remarkable advancements in quantum software and algorithm creation and quantum hardware research, which has significantly advanced the prospect of realizing quantum computers. It would be helpful to have comprehensive literature research on this area to grasp the current status and find outstanding problems that require considerable attention from the research community working in the quantum computing industry. To better understand quantum computing, this paper examines the foundations and vision based on current research in this area. We discuss cutting-edge developments in quantum computer hardware advancement and subsequent advances in quantum cryptography, quantum software, and high-scalability quantum computers. Many potential challenges and exciting new trends for quantum technology research and development are highlighted in this paper for a broader debate.

翻译：量子计算的最新发展利用纠缠、叠加等基本量子概念，相比传统计算能够提供显著的处理优势。这些量子特性有助于解决许多传统计算方法无法解决的复杂问题，包括量子力学建模、物流、化学前沿突破、药物设计、统计科学、可持续能源、银行业、可靠通信以及量子化学工程等领域。近年来，量子软件与算法开发以及量子硬件研究取得了显著进展，极大地推进了实现量子计算机的前景。对该领域进行全面的文献调研，有助于研究人员把握当前发展现状，并找出量子计算行业研究群体亟需关注的关键问题。为更深入地理解量子计算，本文基于当前研究现状探讨了其基础原理与愿景，讨论了量子计算机硬件发展的前沿突破及其在量子密码学、量子软件和高可扩展性量子计算机领域的后续进展。本文重点阐述了量子技术研发中诸多潜在挑战与令人振奋的新趋势，以促进更广泛的学术讨论。