In contrast to proof-of-work replication, Byzantine replicated systems maintain consistency with higher throughput, modest energy consumption, and deterministic liveness guarantees. If complemented with open membership and heterogeneous trust, they have the potential to serve as a global financial infrastructure. This paper presents a general model of heterogeneous quorum systems, where each participant can declare its own quorums, and captures the consistency, availability, and inclusion properties of these systems. In order to support open membership, it then presents reconfiguration protocols for heterogeneous quorum systems: joining and leaving of a process, and adding and removing of a quorum. It presents trade-offs for the properties that reconfigurations can preserve, and accordingly, presents reconfiguration protocols and proves their correctness. It further presents a graph characterization of heterogeneous quorum systems, and its application for reconfiguration optimization.

翻译：与工作量证明复制相比，拜占庭复制系统能以更高吞吐量、更低能耗及确定性活跃性保证维持一致性。若辅以开放性成员资格与异构信任，该系统有潜力成为全球金融基础设施。本文提出异构仲裁系统的一般模型，其中每个参与者可声明自身的仲裁集合，并刻画了此类系统的一致性、可用性与包含性属性。为支持开放性成员资格，本文进一步提出异构仲裁系统的重配置协议：进程的加入与离开，以及仲裁的添加与移除。本文阐述了重配置可维护属性间的权衡关系，据此给出重配置协议并证明其正确性，并提出异构仲裁系统的图特征化方法及其在重配置优化中的应用。