Submarine cables constitute the backbone of the Internet. However, these critical infrastructure components are vulnerable to several natural and man-made threats, and during failures, are difficult to repair in their remote oceanic environments. In spite of their crucial role, we have a limited understanding of the impact of submarine cable failures on global connectivity, particularly on the higher layers of the Internet. In this paper, we present Nautilus, a framework for cross-layer cartography of submarine cables and IP links. Using a corpus of public datasets and Internet cartographic techniques, Nautilus identifies IP links that are likely traversing submarine cables and maps them to one or more potential cables. Nautilus also gives each IP to cable assignment a prediction score that reflects the confidence in the mapping. Nautilus generates a mapping for 3.05 million and 1.43 million IPv4 and IPv6 links respectively, covering 91% of all active cables. In the absence of ground truth data, we validate Nautilus mapping using three techniques: analyzing past cable failures, using targeted traceroute measurements, and comparing with public network maps of two operators.

翻译：海底光缆构成互联网的骨干基础设施。然而，这些关键基础设施组件易受多种自然和人为威胁，且在发生故障时，由于地处偏远海洋环境而难以修复。尽管其作用至关重要，但我们对海底光缆故障对全球连通性（特别是互联网高层）的影响认知有限。本文提出鹦鹉螺框架，这是一种用于海底光缆与IP链路跨层地图绘制的系统。通过整合公开数据集与互联网地图绘制技术，鹦鹉螺能够识别可能穿越海底光缆的IP链路，并将其映射至一条或多条潜在光缆。该框架还为每条IP至光缆的映射分配预测评分，以体现映射的置信度。鹦鹉螺分别对305万条IPv4链路和143万条IPv6链路生成了映射，覆盖了全部活跃光缆的91%。在缺乏真实数据的情况下，我们通过三种技术验证鹦鹉螺的映射结果：分析历史光缆故障案例、采用定向traceroute测量、以及与两家运营商的公开网络地图进行对比。