Classical gradient-based density topology optimization is adapted for method-of-moments numerical modeling to design a conductor-based system attaining the minimal antenna Q-factor evaluated via an energy stored operator. Standard topology optimization features are discussed, e.g., the interpolation scheme and density and projection filtering. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated in a few examples in terms of the realized Q-factor values and necessary computational time to obtain a design. The optimized designs are compared to the fundamental bound and well-known empirical structures. The presented framework can provide a completely novel design, as presented in the second example.

翻译：经典的基于梯度的密度拓扑优化方法被适配于矩量法数值建模，以设计基于导体的系统，并通过能量存储算子评估实现最小天线Q因子。讨论了标准拓扑优化特征，例如插值方案以及密度与投影滤波。通过几个示例，展示了所提技术在实现的Q因子值和获取设计所需的计算时间方面的性能。将优化设计结果与基本界限和已知的经验结构进行了比较。所提出的框架能够提供全新的设计，如第二个示例所示。