Establishing frameworks for promoting the realization of various activities on celestial bodies sustainably is of great significance for different contexts, such as preserving the scientific evidence and space heritage. Therefore, this research first proposes a conceptual model that covers the different types of features, attributes, and relationships between them to comprehensively delineate the surface objects and related logical spaces on celestial bodies. It then implements this conceptual model as a CityJSON extension in such a way that allows for creating the three-dimensional (3D) geodatasets that represent these objects and spaces in a standardized manner. Moreover, the usefulness of this study is demonstrated through creating CityJSON datasets that include 3D models of exemplary surface objects from Moon and Mars, such as a historical landing site and related logical spaces, such as exclusion zones for protecting this site. The results of the current study show that there is a strong potential for forming 3D geodatasets on celestial bodies that can provide a notable foundation for the technical implementation of international agreements and legal frameworks. This work also contributes to the design of planetary spatial data infrastructures (PSDI) by incorporating the third dimension.

翻译：为促进在各类天体上可持续地开展多种活动而建立框架，对于保存科学证据与空间遗产等不同情境均具有重要意义。因此，本研究首先提出一个概念模型，涵盖不同类型的要素、属性及其相互关系，以全面描述天体表面物体及相关逻辑空间。随后，该概念模型通过CityJSON扩展得以实现，其实现方式支持以标准化方法创建表示这些物体与空间的三维地理数据集。此外，本研究通过创建包含月球与火星典型表面物体（如历史着陆点）三维模型及相关逻辑空间（如保护该站点的禁入区）的CityJSON数据集，验证了该方法的实用性。当前研究结果表明，构建天体三维地理数据集具有巨大潜力，可为国际协定与法律框架的技术实施提供重要基础。此项工作通过纳入第三维度，亦对行星空间数据基础设施（PSDI）的设计作出了贡献。