Global rates of mental health concerns are rising and there is increasing realization that existing models of mental healthcare will not adequately expand to meet the demand. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has come great optimism regarding their promise to create novel, large-scale solutions to support mental health. Despite their nascence, LLMs have already been applied to mental health-related tasks. In this review, we summarize the extant literature on efforts to use LLMs to provide mental health education, assessment, and intervention and highlight key opportunities for positive impact in each area. We then highlight risks associated with LLMs application to mental health and encourage adoption of strategies to mitigate these risks. The urgent need for mental health support must be balanced with responsible development, testing, and deployment of mental health LLMs. Especially critical is ensuring that mental health LLMs are fine-tuned for mental health, enhance mental health equity, adhere to ethical standards, and that people, including those with lived experience with mental health concerns, are involved in all stages from development through deployment. Prioritizing these efforts will minimize potential harms to mental health and maximize the likelihood that LLMs will positively impact mental health globally.

翻译：全球心理健康问题发生率持续上升，人们日益认识到现有的心理医疗模式已无法充分满足日益增长的需求。随着大型语言模型（LLMs）的出现，人们对利用其创建大规模新型解决方案以支持心理健康寄予厚望。尽管仍处于起步阶段，LLMs已被应用于心理健康相关任务。本综述系统梳理了利用LLMs提供心理健康教育、评估和干预的现有研究成果，重点阐述了各领域可能产生积极影响的关键机遇，同时指出LLMs应用于心理健康领域存在的风险，并倡导采取策略降低这些风险。心理健康支持需求的迫切性必须与负责任地开发、测试和部署心理健康LLMs相平衡。尤为关键的是，确保心理健康LLMs经过心理健康领域的微调优化、促进心理健康公平性、遵守伦理标准，并让包括有心理健康问题亲身经历者在内的多方群体参与从开发到部署的全部环节。优先推进这些举措将最大程度降低对心理健康的潜在危害，并最大限度提高LLMs对全球心理健康产生积极影响的可能性。