Shame and pride are social emotions expressed across cultures to motivate and regulate people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. In this paper, we introduce the first cross-cultural dataset of over 10k shame/pride-related expressions, with underlying social expectations from ~5.4K Bollywood and Hollywood movies. We examine how and why shame and pride are expressed across cultures using a blend of psychology-informed language analysis combined with large language models. We find significant cross-cultural differences in shame and pride expression aligning with known cultural tendencies of the USA and India -- e.g., in Hollywood, shame-expressions predominantly discuss self whereas Bollywood discusses shame toward others. Pride in Hollywood is individualistic with more self-referential singular pronouns such as I and my whereas in Bollywood, pride is collective with higher use of self-referential plural pronouns such as we and our. Lastly, women are more sanctioned across cultures and for violating similar social expectations e.g. promiscuity.

翻译：羞耻与自豪是跨文化表达的社会情感，用以激励和调节人们的思想、情感与行为。本文首次引入一个包含超过一万条羞耻/自豪相关表达的跨文化数据集，其背后的社会期望源自约5400部宝莱坞与好莱坞电影。我们结合心理学启发的语言分析与大型语言模型，探究羞耻与自豪在不同文化中如何及为何被表达。研究发现，羞耻与自豪的表达存在显著的跨文化差异，这些差异与美国和印度已知的文化倾向一致——例如，在好莱坞电影中，羞耻表达主要围绕自我，而宝莱坞电影则更多讨论对他人的羞耻。好莱坞的自豪表达具有个人主义特征，更多使用如“我”和“我的”等自我指涉的单数代词；而在宝莱坞，自豪表达是集体性的，更频繁地使用如“我们”和“我们的”等自我指涉的复数代词。最后，女性在不同文化中均受到更多约束，且因违反类似的社会期望（如性行为不检）而遭受制裁。