Quantum artificial intelligence is a frontier of artificial intelligence research, pioneering quantum AI-powered circuits to address problems beyond the reach of deep learning with classical architectures. This work implements a large-scale quantum-activated recurrent neural network possessing more than 3 trillion hardware nodes/cm$^2$, originating from repeatable atomic-scale nucleation dynamics in an amorphous material integrated on-chip, controlled with 0.07 nW electric power per readout channel. Compared to the best-performing reservoirs currently reported, this implementation increases the scale of the network by two orders of magnitude and reduces the power consumption by six, reaching power efficiencies in the range of the human brain, dissipating 0.2 nW/neuron. When interrogated by a classical input, the chip implements a large-scale hardware security model, enabling dictionary-free authentication secure against statistical inference attacks, including AI's present and future development, even for an adversary with a copy of all the classical components available. Experimental tests report 99.6% reliability, 100% user authentication accuracy, and an ideal 50% key uniqueness. Due to its quantum nature, the chip supports a bit density per feature size area three times higher than the best technology available, with the capacity to store more than $2^{1104}$ keys in a footprint of 1 cm$^2$. Such a quantum-powered platform could help counteract the emerging form of warfare led by the cybercrime industry in breaching authentication to target small to large-scale facilities, from private users to intelligent energy grids.

翻译：量子人工智能是人工智能研究的前沿领域，开创性地利用量子AI驱动电路解决经典架构深度学习无法企及的问题。本工作实现了一种大规模量子激活循环神经网络，其具有超过3万亿硬件节点/平方厘米，源自集成于芯片上的非晶材料中可重复的原子级成核动力学，每个读出通道的功耗仅为0.07纳瓦。与目前报道的最佳性能储层相比，本实现将网络规模提升了两个数量级，功耗降低了六个数量级，达到人脑范围内的功率效率（每个神经元0.2纳瓦）。当受经典输入询查时，该芯片实现了一种大规模硬件安全模型，能够实现无字典身份验证，抵御统计推断攻击（包括当前及未来的人工智能发展），即使攻击者拥有所有经典组件的副本。实验测试报告显示，可靠性达99.6%，用户身份验证准确率达100%，密钥唯一性达到理想的50%。由于其量子特性，该芯片的特征尺寸面积比特密度比现有最佳技术高出三倍，能在1平方厘米的区域内存储超过$2^{1104}$个密钥。这种量子驱动平台有助于对抗网络犯罪行业在身份验证攻击中针对从小型私人用户到智能电网等大规模设施的新型战争形式。