It is well-known that speakers who entrain to one another have more successful conversations than those who do not. Previous research has shown that interlocutors entrain on linguistic features in both written and spoken monolingual domains. More recent work on code-switched communication has also shown preliminary evidence of entrainment on certain aspects of code-switching (CSW). However, such studies of entrainment in code-switched domains have been extremely few and restricted to human-machine textual interactions. Our work studies code-switched spontaneous speech between humans, finding that (1) patterns of written and spoken entrainment in monolingual settings largely generalize to code-switched settings, and (2) some patterns of entrainment on code-switching in dialogue agent-generated text generalize to spontaneous code-switched speech. Our findings give rise to important implications for the potentially "universal" nature of entrainment as a communication phenomenon, and potential applications in inclusive and interactive speech technology.

翻译：众所周知，说话者之间相互同步的交流比不同步的交流更为成功。以往研究表明，对话者在单语书面和口语领域均会在语言特征上产生同步。近期关于语码转换交际的研究也初步证明了在语码转换某些方面存在同步现象。然而，这类关于语码转换领域同步现象的研究极少，且仅限于人机文本交互。本研究探讨了人类之间的自发性语码转换口语，发现：(1)单语环境下书面和口语同步的模式大致可推广至语码转换环境；(2)对话智能体生成文本中关于语码转换的某些同步模式可推广至自发性语码转换口语。我们的发现对于同步作为交际现象的潜在"普适性"本质，以及其在包容性交互语音技术中的潜在应用具有重要意义。