The recent development of quantum computing, which makes use of entanglement, superposition, and other quantum fundamental concepts, has the ability to provide substantial processing advantages over traditional computing. These quantum features help solve many hard problems that cannot be solved with traditional computing methods. These problems are in areas like modeling quantum mechanics, logistics, making chemical-based advances, designing drugs, statistical science, sustainable energy, banking, reliable communication, and quantum chemical engineering. The last few years have witnessed remarkable advancements in quantum software and algorithm creation as well as quantum hardware research, which have significantly advanced the prospect of the realization of quantum computers. It would be helpful to have comprehensive literature research on this area to grasp the current status and find outstanding problems that require considerable attention from the research community working in the quantum computing industry. To better understand quantum computing, this paper examines the foundations and vision based on current research in this area. We discuss cutting-edge developments in quantum computer hardware advancement, and subsequent advances in quantum cryptography, quantum software, and high-scalability quantum computers. Many potential challenges and exciting new trends for quantum technology research and development are highlighted in this paper for a wider debate.

翻译：量子计算利用纠缠、叠加等量子基本概念，其最新发展在传统计算基础上能够提供显著的运算优势。这些量子特性有助于解决许多传统计算方法无法应对的难题，涵盖量子力学建模、物流优化、化学创新、药物设计、统计科学、可持续能源、金融、可靠通信及量子化学工程等领域。近年来，量子软件与算法开发以及量子硬件研究均取得显著进展，极大推动了量子计算机实现的前景。对该领域进行全面的文献研究，有助于把握当前发展状况，并找出量子计算产业研究社群亟待关注的突出问题。为深入理解量子计算，本文基于当前研究探讨其基础原理与愿景。我们论述了量子计算机硬件发展的前沿突破，以及由此推动的量子密码学、量子软件和高可扩展性量子计算机的后续进展。本文重点探讨了量子技术研究与开发中诸多潜在挑战与令人振奋的新趋势，以期引发更广泛的讨论。