Existing communications and behavioral theories have been adopted to address health misinformation. Although various theories and models have been used to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic, there is no framework specially designed for social listening or misinformation studies using social media data and natural language processing techniques. This study aimed to propose a novel yet theory-based conceptual framework for misinformation research. We collected theories and models used in COVID-19 related studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The theories and models ranged from health behaviors, communications, to misinformation. They are analyzed and critiqued for their components, followed by proposing a conceptual framework with a demonstration. We reviewed Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action, Communication for Behavioral Impact, Transtheoretical Model, Uses and Gratifications Theory, Social Judgment Theory, Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model, Behavioral and Social Drivers, and Hype Loop. Accordingly, we proposed the Social Media Listening for Public Health Behavior Conceptual Framework by not only integrating important attributes of existing theories, but also adding new attributes. The proposed conceptual framework was demonstrated in the Freedom Convoy social media listening. The proposed conceptual framework can be used to better understand public discourse on social media, and it can be integrated with other data analyses to gather a more comprehensive picture. The framework will continue to be revised and adopted as health misinformation evolves.

翻译：现有的传播学和行为学理论已被用于应对健康错误信息。尽管多种理论和模型已被用于研究COVID-19大流行，但尚未有一个专门设计用于利用社交媒体数据和自然语言处理技术进行社会监听或错误信息研究的框架。本研究旨在提出一个基于理论的、新颖的概念框架用于错误信息研究。我们收集了同行评审期刊中发表的COVID-19相关研究所采用的理论和模型。这些理论和模型涵盖健康行为、传播学及错误信息领域。我们对其组成部分进行了分析和评述，随后提出一个概念框架并进行演示。我们回顾了健康信念模型、计划行为/理性行动理论、行为影响传播模型、跨理论模型、使用与满足理论、社会判断理论、风险信息寻求与处理模型、行为与社会驱动因素以及炒作循环。据此，我们不仅整合了现有理论的重要属性，还增加了新的属性，提出了“用于公共卫生行为的社会媒体监听”概念框架。该框架在“自由车队”社会媒体监听中进行了演示。所提出的概念框架可用于更好地理解社交媒体上的公众话语，并可与其它数据分析方法结合，以获取更全面的图景。随着健康错误信息的演变，该框架将持续被修订和应用。