Problems in probability theory prove to be one of the most challenging for students. Here, we formulate and discuss four related problems in probability theory that proved difficult for first to fourth-year undergraduate students whose first language was not English. These examples emphasize how crucial it is to understand the conditions and requirements of the problems precisely before starting to solve them. We discuss the solutions to those problems in detail, complement them with numerical estimations, and link the conditions in the problems to the logical statements in Python programming language. We also tested two widely used chatbots (GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet) by checking their responses to these problems.

翻译：概率论问题被证明是学生面临的最具挑战性的课题之一。本文系统阐述并讨论了四个相关的概率论问题，这些问题对母语非英语的一至四年级本科生构成了显著困难。这些案例突出表明，在着手解题前准确理解问题的条件和要求至关重要。我们详细讨论了这些问题的解决方案，辅以数值估计进行补充，并将问题中的条件与Python编程语言中的逻辑语句联系起来。我们还测试了两种广泛使用的聊天机器人（GPT-4o和Claude 3.5 Sonnet），通过检查它们对这些问题的响应来评估其性能。