Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising feature of future communication networks. While spatial sensing can improve network performance and enable external services, it also creates privacy challenges that go beyond the confidentiality of communication content. Future networks using millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-terahertz (THz) frequencies may collect or infer detailed information about people, devices, bystanders, passive objects, and environments in a sixth-generation (6G) deployment area. Such sensing can reveal location and environment data, support behavioral profiling such as movement or activity recognition, and, in advanced cases, expose physiological information such as breathing frequency or heart-rate-related data. Thus, the capabilities of spatial sensing must be controlled to satisfy privacy requirements. In this work, we organize privacy-sensitive ISAC data into three sensing levels: location and environment data, behavioral data, and physiological data, and use this classification as the organizing principle throughout the paper. Based on this classification, we discuss internal and external ISAC applications, identify privacy challenges related to consent, transparency, data ownership, profiling, bystander exposure, and sensitive sensing data, review representative solution directions, and outline future research directions for privacy-preserving ISAC.

翻译：集成感知与通信（ISAC）是未来通信网络的一项极具前景的特性。空间感知在提升网络性能并实现外部服务的同时，也带来了超越通信内容保密性的隐私挑战。使用毫米波（mmWave）和亚太赫兹（THz）频率的未来网络可能收集或推断出第六代（6G）部署区域内人员、设备、旁观者、无源物体及环境的详细信息。此类感知可揭示位置与环境数据，支持行为特征分析（如运动或活动识别），在高级场景中甚至可能暴露生理信息（如呼吸频率或心率相关数据）。因此，必须对空间感知能力进行管控以满足隐私需求。本文将与隐私相关的ISAC数据组织为三个感知层级：位置与环境数据、行为数据、生理数据，并以此分类作为贯穿全文的组织原则。基于该分类，我们讨论了内外部的ISAC应用，识别了与知情同意、透明度、数据所有权、特征分析、旁观者暴露及敏感感知数据相关的隐私挑战，回顾了具有代表性的解决方案方向，并概述了隐私保护型ISAC的未来研究方向。