Decision-making societies may vary in their level of cooperation and degree of conservatism, both of which influence their overall performance. Moreover, these factors are not fixed -- they can change based on the decisions agents in the society make in their interests. But can these changes lead to cyclical patterns in societal evolution? To explore this question, we use the ViSE (Voting in Stochastic Environment) model. In this framework, the level of cooperation can be measured by group size, while the degree of conservatism is determined by the voting threshold. Agents can adopt either individualistic or group-oriented strategies when voting on stochastically generated external proposals. For Gaussian proposal generators, the expected capital gain (ECG) -- a measure of agents' performance -- can be expressed in standard mathematical functions. Our findings show that in neutral environments, societal evolution with open or democratic groups can follow cyclic patterns. We also find that highly conservative societies or conservative societies with low levels of cooperation can evolve into liberal (less conservative than majoritarian) societies and that mafia groups never let their members go when they want to.

翻译：决策社会的合作水平与保守程度可能存在差异，这两者均会影响其整体表现。此外，这些因素并非固定不变——它们会随着社会中智能体基于自身利益作出的决策而改变。但这些变化是否会导致社会演化呈现周期性模式？为探究此问题，我们采用ViSE（随机环境中的投票）模型。在此框架中，合作水平可通过群体规模衡量，而保守程度则由投票阈值决定。当对随机生成的外部提案进行投票时，智能体可采取个体主义或群体导向的策略。对于高斯提案生成器，衡量智能体表现的预期资本收益（ECG）可用标准数学函数表达。我们的研究结果表明，在中性环境中，具有开放或民主群体的社会演化可能遵循周期性模式。我们还发现，高度保守的社会或合作水平较低的保守社会可能演化为自由化（比多数决制度更不保守）社会，且黑手党式群体从不会允许其成员在想要离开时脱身。