Drug development is a complex, costly, and high-risk process, with neuroscience representing one of the most challenging therapeutic areas due to the complexity of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience clinical trials face unique barriers, making the adoption of innovative statistical methods in study design, execution, and analysis especially critical for improving clarity, feasibility, efficiency, and validity in the drug development process. The ASA Biopharmaceutical Section Neuroscience Scientific Working Group (SWG) was formed to advance statistical research and address these distinct challenges. This landscape paper provides an overview of key challenges and opportunities in statistical methods and trial designs for neuroscience, offering insights to guide future research and practice in this evolving field.

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