We describe a computational search for quadratic APN (Almost Perfect Nonlinear) functions in dimension 8 within a structured self-equivalence subspace. The search space is a 40-dimensional binary linear subspace consisting of all functions commuting with a linear automorphism of order 5 (class 22 in the taxonomy of Beierle, Brinkmann, and Leander, 2021), previously reported to contain no APN functions. Our approach combines random sampling via an explicit RREF parameterization (approximately 600 fresh APN-positive evaluations per core-hour) with Gröbner basis computation in Magma to enumerate all APN functions in a 24-dimensional hyperplane through each center (approximately 10 minutes per hyperplane). From 428 hyperplane computations, covering 0.65% of all 65,536 hyperplanes, we obtained 566 quadratic APN functions forming six CCZ-equivalence classes under the ortho-derivative invariant. Four classes, comprising 500 functions, match no entry in the 2025 database of 3,775,599 quadratic APN functions or in the pre-2020 compilation of 12,921 instances. Two classes (66 functions) are CCZ-equivalent to the Gold functions x^3 and x^9, confirming the correctness of the search pipeline. A membership analysis shows that the three new classes (B, C, D) lie entirely outside the original subspace and occur only in Gold-centered slices, demonstrating the essential role of the Gröbner basis stage. In 532 experiments using database functions as slice centers and 20 experiments with random centers, no APN neighbors were found, indicating that the gateway phenomenon is specific to the self-equivalence structure of the search space. Since the ortho-derivative invariant is a complete CCZ-invariant for quadratic APN functions, the absence of matching signatures provides a rigorous proof of CCZ-inequivalence.
翻译:我们描述了一种在结构化自等价子空间内对 8 维二次 APN(几乎完美非线性)函数进行的计算搜索。该搜索空间是一个 40 维二元线性子空间,由所有与一个 5 阶线性自同构(属于 Beierle、Brinkmann 和 Leander 在 2021 年分类中的第 22 类)可交换的函数构成,此前报告该子空间不包含 APN 函数。我们的方法结合了两种策略:通过显式 RREF 参数化进行随机采样(每个核心每小时约产生 600 次新的 APN 阳性评估),以及在 Magma 中计算 Gröbner 基,以枚举每个中心所在的 24 维超平面内所有 APN 函数(每个超平面约需 10 分钟)。通过计算 428 个超平面(覆盖全部 65,536 个超平面的 0.65%),我们获得了 566 个二次 APN 函数,它们在正交导数不变量下形成了六个 CCZ 等价类。其中四个类(包含 500 个函数)在 2025 年包含 3,775,599 个二次 APN 函数的数据库或 2020 年前包含 12,921 个实例的汇编中均无匹配条目。两个类(66 个函数)与 Gold 函数 x^3 和 x^9 属于 CCZ 等价,这证实了搜索流程的正确性。成员分析表明,三个新发现的类(B、C、D)完全位于原始子空间之外,且仅出现在以 Gold 函数为中心的切片中,这突显了 Gröbner 基计算阶段的关键作用。在 532 次使用数据库函数作为切片中心以及 20 次使用随机中心的实验中,未发现任何 APN 邻居,这表明入口现象(gateway phenomenon)是搜索空间自等价结构所特有的。由于正交导数不变量是二次 APN 函数的完全 CCZ 不变量,因此缺失匹配签名提供了 CCZ 不等价的严谨证明。