ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) created by OpenAI that has been carefully trained on a large amount of data. It has revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP) and has pushed the boundaries of LLM capabilities. ChatGPT has played a pivotal role in enabling widespread public interaction with generative artificial intelligence (GAI) on a large scale. It has also sparked research interest in developing similar technologies and investigating their applications and implications. In this paper, our primary goal is to provide a concise survey on the current lines of research on ChatGPT and its evolution. We considered both the glass box and black box views of ChatGPT, encompassing the components and foundational elements of the technology, as well as its applications, impacts, and implications. The glass box approach focuses on understanding the inner workings of the technology, and the black box approach embraces it as a complex system, and thus examines its inputs, outputs, and effects. This paves the way for a comprehensive exploration of the technology and provides a road map for further research and experimentation. We also lay out essential foundational literature on LLMs and GAI in general and their connection with ChatGPT. This overview sheds light on existing and missing research lines in the emerging field of LLMs, benefiting both public users and developers. Furthermore, the paper delves into the broad spectrum of applications and significant concerns in fields such as education, research, healthcare, finance, etc.

翻译：ChatGPT是OpenAI创建的大型语言模型（LLM），经过大量数据的精细训练。它彻底革新了自然语言处理（NLP）领域，并拓展了LLM能力的边界。ChatGPT在推动公众大规模交互式生成式人工智能（GAI）方面发挥了关键作用，同时激发了开发类似技术并研究其应用与影响的研究兴趣。本文的首要目标是提供关于ChatGPT及其演变的当前研究方向的简明综述。我们从玻璃箱与黑箱两种视角审视ChatGPT，涵盖该技术的组成要素与基础要素，以及其应用、影响和启示。玻璃箱方法侧重于理解技术的内部运作机制，而黑箱方法则将其视为一个复杂系统，从而考察其输入、输出及效果。这为全面探索该技术铺平了道路，并为后续研究与实验提供了路线图。我们还梳理了关于LLM和GAI的基础文献及其与ChatGPT的关联。这一概述揭示了新兴LLM领域现有与缺失的研究方向，惠及公众用户与开发者。此外，本文深入探讨了其在教育、研究、医疗、金融等领域广泛应用及相关重大关切。