Elections repeat commonly after a fixed time interval, ranging from months to years. This results in limitations on governance since elected candidates or policies are difficult to remove before the next elections, if needed, and allowed by the corresponding law. Participants may decide (through a public deliberation) to change their choices but have no opportunity to vote for these choices before the next elections. Another issue is the peak-end effect, where the judgment of voters is based on how they felt a short time before the elections. To address these issues, we propose Always on Voting (AoV) -- a repetitive voting framework that allows participants to vote and change elected candidates or policies without waiting for the next elections. Participants are permitted to privately change their vote at any point in time, while the effect of their change is manifested at the end of each epoch, whose duration is shorter than the time between two main elections. To thwart the problem of peak-end effect in epochs, the ends of epochs are randomized and made unpredictable, while preserved within soft bounds. These goals are achieved using the synergy between a Bitcoin puzzle oracle, verifiable delay function, and smart contracts.

翻译：选举通常按照固定的时间间隔重复进行，间隔时间从数月到数年不等。这导致了治理上的局限性，因为在有必要且相关法律允许的情况下，当选的候选人或政策很难在下次选举前被撤换。参与者可能通过公共讨论决定改变其选择，但在下次选举前却无机会对这些选择进行投票。另一个问题是峰终效应，即选民的判断基于他们在选举前短时间内的感受。为解决这些问题，我们提出了始终在线投票（AoV）——一种重复投票框架，允许参与者无需等待下次选举即可投票并更改当选的候选人或政策。参与者被允许在任何时间点私下更改其投票，而其更改的效果将在每个纪元结束时显现，纪元的持续时间短于两次主要选举之间的时间。为遏制纪元中的峰终效应问题，纪元的结束时间被随机化并使其不可预测，同时保持在软区间内。这些目标是通过比特币谜题预言机、可验证延迟函数和智能合约之间的协同作用实现的。