The absence of physical information during hand-object interaction in a virtual environment diminishes realism and immersion. Kinesthetic haptic feedback has proven effective in delivering realistic object-derived haptic cues, enhancing the overall virtual reality (VR) experience. Here, we propose kinesthetic illusion through a novel application of finger tendon vibration (FTV), which creates an illusory sensation of finger movement. To effectively apply FTV for virtual object interactions, we first examine the effects of short-duration FTV (<5 s) through 3 perception studies. Based on study results, we design 6 exemplary VR scenarios, representing the overall design space of VR object interactions, and 4 different haptic rendering strategies for FTV. We evaluated these rendering methods on each VR scenario and derived a design guideline for FTV application. We then compared FTV with no vibration and simple vibration, observing that FTV enhances VR experience by providing realistic resistance on the finger, greatly improving body ownership.

翻译：虚拟环境中手部与物体交互时物理信息的缺失会降低真实感与沉浸感。动觉触觉反馈已被证明能有效传递源自物体的真实触觉线索，从而提升整体虚拟现实（VR）体验。本文提出通过一种新颖的手指肌腱振动（FTV）应用来产生动觉错觉，该技术能创造手指运动的错觉感知。为将FTV有效应用于虚拟物体交互，我们首先通过三项感知研究检验了短时程FTV（<5秒）的效果。基于研究结果，我们设计了6个代表性VR场景（涵盖VR物体交互的整体设计空间）以及4种不同的FTV触觉渲染策略。我们在每个VR场景中评估了这些渲染方法，并推导出FTV应用的设计准则。随后，我们将FTV与无振动及简单振动进行对比，发现FTV通过为手指提供真实的阻力感来增强VR体验，显著提升了身体所有权感知。