Prior foveated rendering methods often suffer from a limitation where the shading load escalates with increasing display resolution, leading to decreased efficiency, particularly when dealing with retinal-level resolutions. To tackle this challenge, we begin with the essence of the human visual system (HVS) perception and present visual acuity-consistent foveated rendering (VaFR), aiming to achieve exceptional rendering performance at retinal-level resolutions. Specifically, we propose a method with a novel log-polar mapping function derived from the human visual acuity model, which accommodates the natural bandwidth of the visual system. This mapping function and its associated shading rate guarantee a consistent output of rendering information, regardless of variations in the display resolution of the VR HMD. Consequently, our VaFR outperforms alternative methods, improving rendering speed while preserving perceptual visual quality, particularly when operating at retinal resolutions. We validate our approach using both the rasterization and ray-casting rendering pipelines. We also validate our approach using different binocular rendering strategies for HMD devices. In diverse testing scenarios, our approach delivers better perceptual visual quality than prior foveated rendering while achieving an impressive speedup of 6.5$\times$-9.29$\times$ for deferred rendering of 3D scenarios and an even more powerful speedup of 10.4$\times$-16.4$\times$ for ray-casting at retinal resolution. Additionally, our approach significantly enhances the rendering performance of binocular 8K path tracing, achieving smooth frame rates.

翻译：先前的中心凹渲染方法常受限于着色负载随显示分辨率提升而增加的问题，导致效率下降，尤其在处理视网膜级分辨率时更为明显。为应对这一挑战，我们从人类视觉系统感知的本质出发，提出视觉敏锐度一致的中心凹渲染方法，旨在实现视网膜级分辨率下的卓越渲染性能。具体而言，我们提出一种基于人类视觉敏锐度模型推导的新型对数极坐标映射函数，该函数适配视觉系统的自然带宽。此映射函数及其关联的着色率保证了渲染信息输出的稳定性，不受VR头戴式显示器显示分辨率变化的影响。因此，我们的方法在保持感知视觉质量的同时提升了渲染速度，尤其在视网膜分辨率下表现优异。我们通过光栅化和光线投射两种渲染管线验证了该方法，并在头戴式设备上采用不同双目渲染策略进行了测试。在多样测试场景中，本方法在实现3D场景延迟渲染6.5倍至9.29倍加速的同时，其感知视觉质量优于先前中心凹渲染方法；在视网膜分辨率光线投射中更获得10.4倍至16.4倍的显著加速。此外，本方法大幅提升了双目8K路径追踪的渲染性能，实现了流畅的帧率表现。