Scientific research is a key input into technological innovation, yet not all scientific knowledge is equally mobilized in patents. This paper examines how different scientific publishing models shape both the selection of scientific publications cited in patents and their cognitive alignment with patented technologies. Using large-scale data on non-patent references linking patents to scientific publications, combined with metadata from OpenAlex, we compare the Open Access (OA) structure of patent-cited science to that of the scientific literature. We then assess cognitive alignment using semantic similarity between patent abstracts and the abstracts of cited publications, distinguishing between citations appearing in the front section of patents and those embedded in the body of patent texts. We find that patent citations disproportionately draw on publications disseminated through highly visible and institutionally established publishing channels, particularly hybrid and bronze OA models, indicating strong selection effects. However, this dominance in citation counts does not translate into stronger cognitive alignment with patented technologies. On the contrary, publications in fully OA journals (gold and diamond OA) exhibit equal or higher semantic proximity, especially when cited in the body of patents. These results suggest that the contribution of OA to innovation depends less on access alone than on how different publishing models are embedded in information infrastructures that shape the visibility, discoverability, and use of scientific knowledge.

翻译：科学研究是技术创新的关键输入，但并非所有科学知识都能同等程度地融入专利。本文探讨了不同科学出版模式如何影响专利引用的科学出版物选择及其与专利技术的认知对齐程度。通过利用连接专利与科学出版物的非专利参考文献大规模数据，结合OpenAlex的元数据，我们将专利引用科学文献的开放获取（OA）结构与科学文献整体进行了比较。进一步，我们基于专利摘要与所引用出版物摘要之间的语义相似性评估认知对齐程度，并区分出现在专利前部引文与嵌入专利正文中的引用。研究发现，专利引用不成比例地依赖通过高可见度和机构化出版渠道传播的出版物，尤其是混合OA和青铜OA模式，这表明存在显著的选择效应。然而，这种引用数量上的优势并未转化为与专利技术更强的认知对齐。相反，发表在完全OA期刊（黄金OA和钻石OA）中的出版物表现出同等或更高的语义接近度，尤其是在专利正文中被引用时。这些结果表明，开放获取对创新的贡献不仅取决于获取途径本身，更取决于不同出版模式如何嵌入到塑造科学知识可见性、发现性和使用性的信息基础设施中。