Sharding is essential for improving blockchain scalability. Existing protocols overlook diverse adversarial attacks, limiting transaction throughput. This paper presents Reticulum, a groundbreaking sharding protocol addressing this issue, boosting blockchain scalability. Reticulum employs a two-phase approach, adapting transaction throughput based on runtime adversarial attacks. It comprises "control" and "process" shards in two layers. Process shards contain at least one trustworthy node, while control shards have a majority of trusted nodes. In the first phase, transactions are written to blocks and voted on by nodes in process shards. Unanimously accepted blocks are confirmed. In the second phase, blocks without unanimous acceptance are voted on by control shards. Blocks are accepted if the majority votes in favor, eliminating first-phase opponents and silent voters. Reticulum uses unanimous voting in the first phase, involving fewer nodes, enabling more parallel process shards. Control shards finalize decisions and resolve disputes. Experiments confirm Reticulum's innovative design, providing high transaction throughput and robustness against various network attacks, outperforming existing sharding protocols for blockchain networks.

翻译：分片是提升区块链可扩展性的关键。现有协议忽视了对抗性攻击的多样性，限制了交易吞吐量。本文提出Reticulum——一种突破性的分片协议，旨在解决该问题并增强区块链可扩展性。Reticulum采用两阶段方法，根据运行时对抗性攻击动态调整交易吞吐量。该协议包含两层结构：“控制分片”与“处理分片”。处理分片至少包含一个可信节点，而控制分片则由多数可信节点构成。在第一阶段，交易被写入区块并由处理分片节点投票，全票通过的区块得以确认。在第二阶段，未获全票通过的区块由控制分片投票表决，若多数票赞成则区块被接受，并剔除第一阶段的反对者与沉默投票者。Reticulum在第一阶段采用全票制，涉及节点数量较少，从而支持更多并行处理分片；控制分片则负责最终决策与争端解决。实验证实了Reticulum的创新设计，其在保持高交易吞吐量的同时，对多种网络攻击具有鲁棒性，性能优于现有区块链网络的分片协议。