The spread of COVID-19 disease affected people's lives worldwide, particularly their travel behaviours and how they performed daily activities. During the first wave of the pandemic, spring 2020, countries adopted different strategies to contain the spread of the virus. The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in mobility behaviours, focusing on the sustainability level of modal choices caused by the pandemic in two countries with different containment policies in place: Italy and Sweden. Survey data uncovered which transport means was the most used for three different trip purposes (grocery shopping, non-grocery shopping and commuting) both before and during the first wave of the pandemic. The variation in the sustainability level of modal choices was then observed through descriptive statistics and significance tests. By estimating three multinomial logistic regression models, one for each trip purpose, we tried to identify which factors, beyond the country, affected the variation in the sustainability level of the modal choice with the beginning of the pandemic. Results show a greater reduction in mobility among the Italian sample compared to the Swedish one, especially for public transit, and a major inclination by Swedes in travelling by foot and by bike compared to Italians, also due to the greater possibility of making trips during the first wave of the pandemic. Finally, perceived safety on public transit seems to have no significant effects on the variation in the sustainability level of the modal choice with the beginning of restrictions. Our results can be used as a starting point for a discussion on how the COVID-19 pandemic affected attitudes and preferences towards the different travel alternatives. Also, in this work we highlighted how people reacted in different ways to an unprecedented situation in two Countries with opposite containment strategies in place.

翻译：COVID-19疫情的蔓延影响了全球民众的日常生活，尤其是其出行行为与日常活动方式。2020年春季第一波疫情中，各国采取了不同的病毒传播防控策略。本文旨在分析两个实施不同防控政策的国家（意大利与瑞典）在疫情导致的出行行为变化中，交通方式选择的可持续性水平变化。通过问卷调查，我们获取了疫情前及第一波疫情期间三种出行目的（食品采购、非食品购物及通勤）中最常使用的交通工具数据。随后采用描述性统计与显著性检验，观察交通方式可持续性水平的变化。通过为每种出行目的分别构建三个多项逻辑回归模型，我们尝试识别除国家因素外，哪些因子影响了疫情初期交通方式可持续性水平的变化。结果显示，意大利样本的出行量减少幅度大于瑞典样本，尤其体现在公共交通领域；而瑞典人步行与骑行的比例显著高于意大利人。这在一定程度上归因于瑞典在第一波疫情期间有更多出行可能性。最后，对公共交通的安全感知似乎未对疫情限制措施实施后的交通方式可持续性水平变化产生显著影响。本研究结果可作为探讨COVID-19疫情如何影响不同出行方式态度与偏好的切入点。同时，本文也揭示了两国在实施截然不同的防控策略时，民众面对这一前所未有的情况所表现出的差异化反应。