Information graphics, such as hazard maps, evacuation diagrams, and pictorial action guides, are widely used in disaster risk communication. These visuals are important because they convey hazard information quickly, reduce reliance on lengthy text, and support decision-making in time-critical situations. However, despite their importance, disaster information graphics do not work equally well for all audiences. In practice, many graphics remain difficult to interpret, and their accessibility for vulnerable populations is still uneven and underexplored. Despite their central role, there has been little empirical work examining how graphics shape disaster communication, what challenges practitioners face in using them, and, most importantly, how inclusive current disaster graphics are in real-world settings. To address this gap, we examine how information graphics are currently produced and used in disaster communication, what issues emerge in practice, and how inclusivity is addressed. We conducted semi-structured interviews with disaster communication practitioners and researchers to examine the role of graphics across preparedness, warning, and response contexts, as well as the barriers experienced by vulnerable communities. Our findings show that graphics are widely expected and heavily relied upon, yet significant accessibility gaps persist for groups such as people with vision impairments, older adults, and culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Participants also highlighted that inclusive adaptations are difficult to achieve during unfolding emergencies due to operational constraints, limited guidance, and resource barriers. Based on these findings, we outline recommendations for disaster management agencies and graphic designers and identify research directions for technological and adaptive support to make disaster graphics more inclusive at scale.

翻译：信息图形，如灾害地图、疏散示意图和图示行动指南，在灾害风险传播中被广泛使用。这些视觉材料之所以重要，是因为它们能快速传递灾害信息，减少对冗长文字的依赖，并在时间紧迫的情况下支持决策制定。然而，尽管其重要性不言而喻，灾害信息图形并非对所有受众都同样有效。在实践中，许多图形仍然难以解读，且其对弱势群体的可及性仍不均衡且研究不足。尽管图形处于核心地位，但关于图形如何塑造灾害传播、从业者在使用中面临哪些挑战，以及最重要的是当前灾害图形在现实环境中的包容性如何，相关的实证研究仍然匮乏。为填补这一空白，我们考察了信息图形目前在灾害传播中是如何制作和使用的，实践中出现了哪些问题，以及包容性是如何被处理的。我们通过对灾害传播从业者和研究人员进行半结构化访谈，研究了图形在备灾、预警和响应各环节中的作用，以及弱势群体所面临的障碍。我们的研究结果表明，图形被广泛期待并高度依赖，但对于视力障碍者、老年人以及文化和语言多样化群体等，仍存在显著的可及性差距。参与者还强调，由于操作限制、指导不足和资源障碍，在紧急事件展开过程中实现包容性调整十分困难。基于这些发现，我们为灾害管理机构和图形设计师提出了建议，并指出了技术和适应性支持的研究方向，以大规模提升灾害图形的包容性。