AI engineering is shifting from passive text generation by large language models (LLMs) to agent-driven task execution, creating new reliability challenges for long-horizon tasks under resource constraints and environmental uncertainty. Conventional error-elimination optimization strategies fail to address cumulative error propagation. This paper proposes Distributed Agent System (DAS), a device-edge-cloud framework for fault-tolerant collaboration among heterogeneous agents. We redefine agent reliability as system-level fault tolerance rather than single-turn zero-error accuracy, and present a two-layer fault-tolerance architecture: single-agent execution reliability via fault-tolerant alignment, and cross-agent communication reliability via semi-formal language protocols. This framework provides a practical engineering pathway for reliable heterogeneous embodied agents collaboration in industrial scenarios.

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