As commercial interest in proximity services increased, the development of various wireless localization techniques was promoted. In line with this trend, Ultra-wideband (UWB) is emerging as a promising solution that can realize proximity services thanks to centimeter-level localization accuracy. In addition, since the actual location of the mobile device (MD) on the human body, called pose, affects the localization accuracy, poses are also important to provide accurate proximity services, especially for the UWB tagless gate (UTG). In this paper, a real-time pose detector, termed D3, is proposed to estimate the pose of MD when users pass through UTG. D3 is based on line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) classification using UWB channel impulse response and utilizes the inertial measurement unit embedded in the smartphone to estimate the pose. D3 is implemented on Samsung Galaxy Note20 Ultra (i.e., SMN986B) and Qorvo UWB board to show the feasibility and applicability. D3 achieved an LOS/NLOS classification accuracy of 0.984, and ultimately detected four different poses of MD with an accuracy of 0.961 in real-time.

翻译：随着近距离服务商业兴趣的增加，各种无线定位技术的发展得到了推动。顺应这一趋势，超宽带（UWB）凭借厘米级定位精度，正成为实现近距离服务的一种有前景的解决方案。此外，由于移动设备在人体上的实际位置（称为姿态）会影响定位精度，因此姿态对于提供精确的近距离服务也至关重要，尤其是针对超宽带无标签闸机（UTG）。本文提出一种名为D3的实时姿态检测器，用于估计用户通过UTG时移动设备的姿态。D3基于利用UWB信道冲激响应进行的视距/非视距分类，并利用智能手机内置的惯性测量单元来估计姿态。D3已在三星Galaxy Note20 Ultra（即SMN986B）和Qorvo UWB板上实现，以验证其可行性与适用性。D3的LOS/NLOS分类准确率达到0.984，最终能实时检测移动设备的四种不同姿态，准确率达0.961。