项目名称： 微好氧菌群强化分解木质纤维素及其提高甲烷产量的机理研究

项目编号： No.51508258

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 马旭光

作者单位： 乐山师范学院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 木质纤维素在厌氧发酵中难以快速分解是限制秸秆高效产甲烷的瓶颈。研究发现，能高效分解木质纤维素的微生物大多数属于微好氧菌群。在厌氧发酵体系中，揭示微好氧菌群对木质纤维素高效分解、转化和产甲烷的机理，可为进一步提高秸秆利用效率，突破天然木质纤维素难以快速生物转化的瓶颈进行积极的理论探索，对加速秸秆高效产甲烷新技术的开发具有重要理论价值和应用前景。本项目在已成功构建木质纤维素“分区一体”产甲烷体系的基础上，通过调控反应器上部水解酸化区的氧浓度，筛选、驯化一组能高效分解木质纤维素的微好氧菌群，研究菌群对不同结构木质纤维素的分解性能，分析该菌群中对木质纤维素分解、转化起主要作用的关键菌株；采用稳定同位素探针技术，在分区产甲烷过程中探索木质纤维素物质代谢流程和各功能菌株的作用；采用荧光显微镜技术考察不同需氧性和代谢功能菌株之间的生态关系。最终从微生态角度，揭示微好氧菌群快速分解秸秆和高效产甲烷的机理。

中文关键词： 木质纤维素分解；微好氧菌群；甲烷；物质代谢流程；微生态

英文摘要： The bottleneck of efficient methane production from straw is difficult to decompose lignocellulose rapidly during anaerobic digestion. The previous researches showed that the most of bacterial communities with the high decomposition ability of lignocellulose grew in microaerobic condition. Therefore, to reveal the mechanism of efficient decomposition and transformation of lignocellulose to produce methane by the microaerobic bacterial community, in order to further improving the utilization efficiency of straw and breaking through the bottleneck of fast bio-transformation of natural lignocellulosic materials during anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, this research has great throretical value and application prospect in developing related new technologies of accelerating methane production efficiency from straw. In this project, based on successful building the integrated two-division anaerobic digestion system to produce methane from lignocellulose in previous research, to screen and a cluster of acclimate a microaerobic bacterial community with the ability of efficiency decomposing lignocelluloses by adjusting oxygen concentration of hydrolysis and acidification division upside of reactor, and to analyze the key strains of flora which play important role in decomposition and transformation of lignocellulose, and then to evaluate the performances of the flora decomposing different lignocellulosic materials. In addition, to explore substance metabolism process and functions of the key strains during decomposing lignocellulose by the stable isotopic probing technique (SIP), and to investigate the ecological relationships among strains with different aerobism and metabolic function. Finally , to reveal the mechanism of rapid decomposing lignocellulose and efficient methane production by microaerobic bacterial community from the view of microbial ecology.

英文关键词： lignocellulose decomposition ;microaerobic bacterial community;methane;substance metabolism pathway;micro-ecology