项目名称： 基于虚拟聚焦理论的增材制造金属构件超声成像检测研究

项目编号： No.51505449

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 徐娜

作者单位： 中国航发北京航空材料研究院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 增材制造金属材料不同成形方向上的组织特征差异很大，且制造过程中极易产生异于传统锻铸件的内部缺陷。随着增材制造构件向复杂化、结构多样化发展，现有无损检测手段已难以满足检测需求。项目拟采用虚拟聚焦成像方法实现对增材制造金属构件的超声检测，提出射线追踪算法解决声波传播路径计算问题，设计新型虚拟聚焦成像算法解决材料各向异性及型面复杂等检测难题。研究重点包括：1)阐释超声波在增材制造金属材料中的传播规律、检测特性及其与缺陷的作用机理；2)剖析增材制造金属构件的各向异性对声波传播路径的影响，基于射线追踪算法建立增材制造金属构件中超声波传播路径及时间的计算方法；3)开展增材制造金属构件的虚拟聚焦成像算法研究，建立增材制造金属构件的虚拟聚焦超声成像检测及缺陷定位定量表征方法。研究成果可为增材制造金属构件虚拟聚焦超声成像检测的工程应用提供理论基础，可为我国增材制造技术提供先进可靠的无损检测与评价技术。

中文关键词： 增材制造；虚拟聚焦；超声成像；阵列换能器；各向异性

英文摘要： Characteristics of additive-manufactured metallic material in three forming directions is obviously different and internal defects whose types are different from traditional forgings and castings are easily generated during additive manufacturing. With the development of additive-manufactured metallic components to complex and diversification, conventional nondestructive testing methods have not meet the inspection requirements. Hence, in this project nondestructive testing and evaluation of additive-manufactured metallic components are developed using ultrasonic imaging method based on virtual focusing. Ray-tracing algorithm is posed to calculate the path of ultrasonic wave propagation in additive-manufactured metallic material. New algorithms of virtual focusing are designed to detect anisotropy and complex components. The research contents are follows. First of all, propagation law and inspection characteristic of ultrasonic wave in additive-manufactured metallic material are researched and function mechanism between defects and ultrasonic wave is revealed. Then, the effect of anisotropic characteristic on ultrasonic propagation path is discussed in the additive-manufactured metallic component. The calculation methods of ultrasonic propagation path and time in additive-manufactured metallic components are established according to ray-tracing algorithm. Finally, the imaging algorithm based on virtual focusing is developed to inspect additive-manufactured metallic components. The ultrasonic imaging method based on virtual focusing and positioning and quantitative methods of defects are posed. The research results provide theory and experience for engineering application of ultrasonic imaging of additive-manufactured metallic components. The advanced and reliable nondestructive testing method are supplied for additive-manufactured metallic components according to research results.

英文关键词： additive manufacturing;virtual focusing;ultrasonic imaging;array transducer;anisotropy