项目名称： 典型城市绿化树种的臭氧敏感性差异及生物学机制研究

项目编号： No.31500396

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 李品

作者单位： 中国科学院生态环境研究中心

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 随着城市化进程的加快，大气污染日益加重，尤其是夏季臭氧浓度的不断增加直接影响到城市绿化树木的生长发育和生态服务功能。因此科学评价近地层O3污染对我国典型城市绿化树种生态过程的影响具有重要的理论和现实意义。本项目利用开顶式熏气系统，通过高O3浓度短期和低O3浓度长期熏蒸，研究北京市广为栽植的乡土绿化树种对大气O3浓度增加的敏感性响应差异及机制。通过观测叶片的伤害症状出现时间、光合速率和叶片组织结构，定量筛选出城市绿化树种的O3敏感性；从叶片气孔特征、抗氧化系统、叶片性状属性和13C同位素丰度方面系统揭示O3对绿化树种影响差异的生理生态学机制，建立城市绿化树种的O3敏感性有效评价指标。开发气孔O3通量模型，建立不同敏感性树种的气孔O3吸收通量与植物生物量及水分利用效率的响应关系，为北京筛选抗O3且高效利用水分的城市园林绿化树种提供理论参考，为制定保护我国城市森林空气质量标准提供定量的科学依据。

中文关键词： 臭氧污染；城市绿化树种；敏感性；抗氧化系统；水分利用效率

英文摘要： With the acceleration of urbanization, urban atmospheric pollution is becoming a worsening problem; especially, the increasing summer ozone (O3) concentrations have directly impact on the growth and development of urban greening trees and their ecological services. Therefore, scientific evaluation troposphere O3 pollution impact on ecological processes of urban greening tree species has the vital theoretical and practical significance. Using the open-top chamber system, the project studies on the sensitivity response of the native greening tree species widely planted in Beijing on the increasing atmospheric O3 concentrations by the fumigation experiments of short-term high O3 concentration and long-term low O3 concentration. The aim is quantitatively screening the O3 sensitivity of the trees by observing tree damage symptoms and their occurrence time, photosynthetic rate and the change of leaf tissue structure; and further systematically reveals the eco-physiological mechanisms of the differences O3 influence on the greening trees from the aspects of leaf stomatal characteristics, antioxidant system, leaf character attributes and 13C isotope abundance, and establish the effective evaluation index of urban tree species O3 sensitivity. Also, we develop stomatal O3 flux model, establish the response relationship of differently sensitive trees between stomatal O3 absorption flux and biomass of plant and the water use efficiency. The project could comprehensively provide theoretical reference for the selection both anti-O3 pollution and efficient utilization of water resources of urban greening tree species, and also provide quantitative scientific basis for the development of the standards of protecting air quality of urban forest in our country.

英文关键词： Ozone pollution;Urban greening tree species;Sensitivity;Antioxidant defense system;Water use efficiency