项目名称： 具有噪声容忍度的量子测量方案研究

项目编号： No.91536113

项目类型： 重大研究计划

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 张利剑

作者单位： 南京大学

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 量子精密测量（quantum metrology）通过使用量子资源特别是非经典探测态，可以突破传统精密测量方案的经典极限，逼近甚至达到测量精度的最终极限——海森堡极限，因此在近年来受到广泛关注。然而与其他量子技术类似，量子精密测量对系统噪声极为敏感。如何在噪声存在的情况下实现超越经典极限的测量精度，是量子精密测量技术获得实际应用所必须解决的问题。本项目在申请人前期工作的基础上，力图通过对探测态结构和测量方案两方面的研究，对该问题提出我们的解决方案。我们将利用量子光学领域关于非经典态的研究经验，制备具有噪声容忍度的探测态，并实验验证其对测量精度的提升。同时我们还将系统研究一种基于经典资源相互作用达到海森堡极限的测量方案，揭示其物理原理和适用范围，探讨该方案对噪声容忍度的改善。我们将探索这两种机制之间的内在关联，获取关于量子精密测量的新认识和新机理，从而进一步推动该技术向实用化迈进。

中文关键词： 光子干涉仪；非高斯态；量子噪声

英文摘要： By utilizing quantum resources, in particular non-classical probe states, quantum metrology can go beyond the limit of classical metrology schemes and approach the ultimate limit of the estimation precision – the Heisenberg limit. Therefore quantum metrology may find important applications in searching ultra-weak signals and probing delicate samples. However, such technique shares the same drawback with other quantum technologies: its performance is very sensitive to experimental imperfections, for example particle loss, dephasing noise, etc. How to achieve the quantum-enhanced precision with the presence of experimental imperfections is the major challenge for the applications of quantum metrology in practical systems. In this project, we will try to provide solutions to this problem in two ways: the generation of loss-tolerant probe states and the design of novel estimation protocols. We will use the techniques on the engineering of non-Gaussian states, developed recently in the field of quantum optics, to generate the probe states with near-optimal loss-tolerance. The enhancement in the estimation precision using such states will be demonstrated. In parallel, we will study a new protocol that achieves Heisenberg limit with the interactions between classical resources. We will investigate the applications of this protocol in various systems, in particular nonlinear-optical systems, and its tolerance to experimental imperfections. We will study the intrinsic relations between the new protocol and that uses the loss-tolerant probe states, and try to acquire new insights about quantum metrology. Our results will make important contributions to the development of quantum-enhanced measurement techniques in the real world.

英文关键词： Quantum interferometry;Non-Gaussian states;Quantum fluctuations