As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly concentrate on universal values such as the HHH principle, the aspect of culture, which is inherently pluralistic and diverse, has not received adequate attention. This work introduces a new benchmark, CDEval, aimed at evaluating the cultural dimensions of LLMs. CDEval is constructed by incorporating both GPT-4's automated generation and human verification, covering six cultural dimensions across seven domains. Our comprehensive experiments provide intriguing insights into the culture of mainstream LLMs, highlighting both consistencies and variations across different dimensions and domains. The findings underscore the importance of integrating cultural considerations in LLM development, particularly for applications in diverse cultural settings. Through CDEval, we aim to broaden the horizon of LLM alignment research by including cultural dimensions, thus providing a more holistic framework for the future development and evaluation of LLMs. This benchmark serves as a valuable resource for cultural studies in LLMs, paving the way for more culturally aware and sensitive models.

翻译：随着大语言模型规模的扩展显著提升了其能力，如何确保其负责任且合乎伦理使用的对齐问题日益受到关注。现有对齐工作主要集中在HHH原则等普世价值观上，但本质上多元且多样的文化层面尚未得到充分重视。本文提出新基准CDEval，旨在评估大语言模型的文化维度。该基准结合GPT-4的自动生成与人工验证方法构建，覆盖七大领域的六个文化维度。通过全面实验，我们揭示了主流大语言模型的文化特征，呈现出不同维度与领域间的一致性与差异性。研究结果强调了在开发大语言模型时整合文化因素的重要性，尤其针对多元文化场景的应用。借助CDEval，我们希望将文化维度纳入大语言模型对齐研究范畴，为未来大语言模型的开发与评估提供更全面的框架。该基准将成为大语言模型文化研究的重要资源，助力构建更具文化意识与敏感度的模型。