Over the past decade, Brazil has experienced a decline in vaccination coverage, reversing decades of public health progress achieved through the National Immunization Program (PNI). Growing evidence points to the widespread circulation of vaccine-related misinformation -- particularly on social media platforms -- as a key factor driving this decline. Among these platforms, Telegram remains the only major platform permitting accessible and ethical data collection, offering insight into public channels where vaccine misinformation circulates extensively. This data paper introduces a curated dataset of about four million Telegram posts collected from 119 prominent Brazilian anti-vaccine channels between 2020 and 2025. The dataset includes message content, metadata, associated media, and classification related to vaccine posts, enabling researchers to examine how false or misleading information spreads, evolves, and influences public sentiment. By providing this resource, our aim is to support the scientific and public health community in developing evidence-based strategies to counter misinformation, promote trust in vaccination, and engage compassionately with individuals and communities affected by false narratives. The dataset and documentation are openly available for non-commercial research, under strict ethical and privacy guidelines at https://doi.org/10.25824/redu/5JIVDT

翻译：过去十年间，巴西的疫苗接种覆盖率持续下降，逆转了通过国家免疫计划（PNI）取得的数十年公共卫生进展。越来越多的证据表明，与疫苗相关的虚假信息——尤其是在社交媒体平台上的广泛传播——是导致这一下降的关键因素。在这些平台中，Telegram 仍是唯一允许进行可访问且符合伦理的数据收集的主要平台，为研究疫苗虚假信息广泛传播的公共频道提供了观察窗口。本文介绍了一个精选数据集，包含2020年至2025年间从119个巴西主要反疫苗频道收集的约四百万条Telegram帖子。该数据集涵盖消息内容、元数据、关联媒体及疫苗相关帖子的分类信息，使研究人员能够深入分析虚假或误导性信息的传播机制、演变过程及其对公众情绪的影响。通过提供这一资源，我们旨在支持科学界和公共卫生界制定基于证据的策略，以应对虚假信息、提升疫苗接种信任度，并以共情方式与受错误叙事影响的个人及社群进行沟通。该数据集及相关文档在严格的伦理与隐私准则下公开提供，供非商业研究使用，访问地址为：https://doi.org/10.25824/redu/5JIVDT