In this paper, we propose a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) and energy buffer aided multiple-input single-output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, which consists of a STAR-RIS, an access point (AP), and reflection users and transmission users with energy buffers. In the proposed system, the multi-antenna AP can transmit information and energy to several single-antenna reflection and transmission users simultaneously in a NOMA fashion, where the power transfer and information transmission states of the users are modeled using Markov chains. The reflection and transmission users harvest and store the energy in energy buffers as additional power supplies. The power outage probability, information outage probability, sum throughput, and joint outage probability closed-form expressions of the proposed system are derived over Nakagami-m fading channels, which are validated via simulations. Results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves better performance in comparison to the STAR-RIS aided MISO SWIPT-NOMA buffer-less, conventional RIS and energy buffer aided MISO SWIPT-NOMA, and STAR-RIS and energy buffer aided MISO SWIPT-time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems. Furthermore, a particle swarm optimization based power allocation (PSO-PA) algorithm is designed to maximize the sum throughput with a constraint on the joint outage probability. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed PSO-PA algorithm can achieve an improved sum throughput performance of the proposed system.

翻译：本文提出了一种同步透射与反射可重构智能表面（STAR-RIS）与能量缓冲辅助的多输入单输出（MISO）同步无线信息与功率传输（SWIPT）非正交多址接入（NOMA）系统。该系统由STAR-RIS、接入点（AP）以及配备能量缓冲的反射用户和透射用户组成。在提出的系统中，多天线AP能够以NOMA方式同时向多个单天线反射用户和透射用户传输信息和能量，其中用户的功率传输和信息传输状态通过马尔可夫链建模。反射用户和透射用户在能量缓冲中收集并存储能量作为额外电源。推导了所提系统在Nakagami-m衰落信道上的功率中断概率、信息中断概率、总和吞吐量以及联合中断概率的闭式表达式，并通过仿真验证了其有效性。结果表明，与STAR-RIS辅助的MISO SWIPT-NOMA无缓冲系统、传统RIS与能量缓冲辅助的MISO SWIPT-NOMA系统，以及STAR-RIS与能量缓冲辅助的MISO SWIPT-时分多址接入（TDMA）系统相比，所提系统实现了更优的性能。此外，设计了一种基于粒子群优化的功率分配（PSO-PA）算法，在联合中断概率约束下最大化总和吞吐量。仿真结果表明，所提出的PSO-PA算法能够提升所提系统的总和吞吐量性能。