Proactive questioning, where therapists deliberately initiate structured, cognition-guiding inquiries, is a cornerstone of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Yet, current psychological large language models (LLMs) remain overwhelmingly reactive, defaulting to empathetic but superficial responses that fail to surface latent beliefs or guide behavioral change. To bridge this gap, we propose the \textbf{Socratic Inquiry Framework (SIF)}, a lightweight, plug-and-play therapeutic intent planner that transforms LLMs from passive listeners into active cognitive guides. SIF decouples \textbf{when to ask} (via Strategy Anchoring) from \textbf{what to ask} (via Template Retrieval), enabling context-aware, theory-grounded questioning without end-to-end retraining. Complementing SIF, we introduce \textbf{Socratic-QA}, a high-quality dataset of strategy-aligned Socratic sequences that provides explicit supervision for proactive reasoning. Experiments show that SIF significantly enhances proactive questioning frequency, conversational depth, and therapeutic alignment, marking a clear shift from reactive comfort to proactive exploration. Our work establishes a new paradigm for psychologically informed LLMs: not just to respond, but to guide.

翻译：主动提问，即治疗师有意识地发起结构化、引导认知的询问，是认知行为疗法（CBT）的基石。然而，当前的心理大语言模型（LLMs）绝大多数仍是被动的，默认提供共情但肤浅的回应，无法揭示潜在的信念或引导行为改变。为弥合这一差距，我们提出了**苏格拉底式询问框架（SIF）**，一个轻量级、即插即用的治疗意图规划器，它将LLMs从被动的倾听者转变为主动的认知引导者。SIF将**何时提问**（通过策略锚定）与**提问内容**（通过模板检索）解耦，从而能够在无需端到端重新训练的情况下，实现情境感知、理论依据充分的提问。作为SIF的补充，我们引入了**Socratic-QA**，这是一个高质量的策略对齐的苏格拉底式序列数据集，为主动推理提供了明确的监督。实验表明，SIF显著提高了主动提问频率、对话深度和治疗对齐度，标志着从被动安慰到主动探索的明显转变。我们的工作为心理信息化的LLMs建立了一个新范式：不仅仅是回应，更是引导。