The Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is an emerging technology for the implementation of digital twins in the field of manufacturing. Software is becoming increasingly important, not only in general but specifically in relation to manufacturing, especially with regard to digital manufacturing and a shift towards the usage of artificial intelligence. This increases the need not only to model software, but also to integrate services directly into the AAS. The existing literature contains individual solutions to implement such software-heavy AAS. However, there is no systematic analysis of software architectures that integrate software services directly into the AAS. This paper aims to fill this research gap and differentiate architectures based on software quality criteria as well as typical manufacturing use cases. This work may be considered as an interpretation guideline for software-heavy AAS, both in academia and for practitioners.

翻译：资产管理壳（AAS）是制造业领域实现数字孪生的新兴技术。软件的重要性日益凸显，不仅在总体上如此，在制造业领域尤为显著，特别是在数字化制造和向人工智能应用转型的背景下。这不仅增加了对软件建模的需求，更要求将服务直接集成至AAS中。现有文献虽包含实现此类软件密集型AAS的个别解决方案，但缺乏对直接将软件服务集成至AAS的软件架构的系统性分析。本文旨在填补这一研究空白，依据软件质量准则及典型制造业应用场景对架构进行区分。本研究成果可为学术界和从业者提供软件密集型AAS的实施指导框架。