Crypto-assets are a main segment of electronic markets, with growing trade volume and market share, yet there's no unified and comprehensive asset level taxonomy framework. This paper develops a multidimensional taxonomy for crypto-assets that connects technical design to market structure and regulation. Building on established taxonomy guideline and existing models, we derive dimensions from theory, regulatory frameworks, and case studies. We then map top 100 assets within the structure and provide several detailed case studies. The taxonomy covers technology standard, centralisation of critical resources, asset function, legal classification and mechanism designs of minting, yield, redemption. The asset mapping and case studies reveal recurring design patterns, capture features of edge cases that sit on boundaries of current categorisations, and document centralised control of nominal decentralised assets. This paper provides framework for systematic study for crypto markets, supports regulators in assessing token risks, and offers investors and digital platform designers a tool to compare assets when building or participate in electronic markets.

翻译：加密资产已成为电子市场的主要组成部分，其交易量与市场份额持续增长，然而目前尚缺乏统一且全面的资产层级分类框架。本文构建了一个连接技术设计与市场结构及监管的多维加密资产分类体系。基于成熟的分类学指南与现有模型，我们从理论、监管框架和案例研究中推导出分类维度，随后将前100大资产映射至该结构，并提供多个详细案例研究。该分类体系涵盖技术标准、关键资源中心化程度、资产功能、法律分类以及铸造机制、收益机制与赎回机制等设计维度。资产映射与案例研究揭示了重复出现的设计模式，捕捉了处于现有分类边界的边缘案例特征，并记录了名义去中心化资产的实际中心化控制现象。本文为加密市场的系统性研究提供了框架，协助监管者评估代币风险，并为投资者及数字平台设计者在构建或参与电子市场时提供了资产比较工具。