Maintaining optimal water quality in aquariums is critical for aquatic health but remains challenging due to the need for continuous monitoring of multiple parameters. Traditional manual methods are inefficient, labor-intensive, and prone to human error, often leading to suboptimal aquatic conditions. This paper presents an IoT-based smart aquarium system that addresses these limitations by integrating an ESP32 microcontroller with multiple sensors (pH, TDS, temperature, turbidity) and actuators (servo feeder, water pump) for comprehensive real-time water quality monitoring and automated control. The system architecture incorporates edge processing capabilities, cloud connectivity via Blynk IoT platform, and an intelligent alert mechanism with configurable cooldown periods to prevent notification fatigue. Experimental evaluation in a 10-liter aquarium environment demonstrated the system's effectiveness, achieving 96\% average sensor accuracy and 1.2-second response time for anomaly detection. The automated feeding and water circulation modules maintained 97\% operational reliability throughout extended testing, significantly reducing manual intervention while ensuring stable aquatic conditions. This research demonstrates that cost-effective IoT solutions can revolutionize aquarium maintenance, making aquatic ecosystem management more accessible, reliable, and efficient for both residential and commercial applications.

翻译：维持水族箱最佳水质对水生生物健康至关重要，但由于需要持续监测多种参数，这仍然是一项挑战。传统人工方法效率低下、劳动密集且易受人为误差影响，常导致水生环境欠佳。本文提出一种基于物联网的智能水族箱系统，通过集成ESP32微控制器与多传感器（pH、TDS、温度、浊度）及执行器（舵机投喂器、水泵），实现全面的实时水质监测与自动控制，从而解决这些局限性。该系统架构融合边缘处理能力、通过Blynk物联网平台的云连接，以及配备可配置冷却周期的智能警报机制以防止通知过载。在10升水族箱环境中的实验评估表明：系统平均传感器精度达96%，异常检测响应时间为1.2秒。自动投喂与水循环模块在长期测试中保持97%的运行可靠性，在确保水生环境稳定的同时显著减少了人工干预。本研究表明，经济高效的物联网解决方案能够革新水族箱维护方式，使住宅及商业应用中的水生生态系统管理更易实施、更可靠且更高效。