An essential component for the Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks deployments is the 5G Core (5GC), which bridges the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) to the rest of the Internet. Some open-source platforms for the 5GC have emerged and been deployed in Common Off-the-Shelf (COTS)-based setups. Despite these open-source 5GC initiatives following the 3GPP specifications, they differ in implementing some features and their stages in the timeline of 3GPP releases. Besides that, they may yield different performance to metrics related to the data and control planes. This article reviews the major open-source 5GC platforms and evaluates their performance in a 5G Standalone (SA) COTS-based testbed. The results indicate that Open5GS provides the best latencies for control plane procedures, OpenAirInterface offers the highest data rates, and Free5GC has the lowest resource consumption.

翻译：第五代移动网络部署的关键组件是5G核心网（5GC），它连接5G无线接入网（RAN）与互联网其余部分。目前已有若干基于商用现成硬件（COTS）部署的开源5GC平台。尽管这些开源5GC方案遵循3GPP标准规范，但在具体功能实现及所支持的3GPP版本阶段方面存在差异。此外，它们在数据平面与控制平面的性能指标上可能表现不同。本文系统评述了主流开源5GC平台，并在基于COTS硬件的5G独立组网（SA）测试环境中对其性能进行评估。结果表明：Open5GS在控制面流程中呈现最优时延，OpenAirInterface提供最高数据速率，而Free5GC的资源消耗最低。