Objective: Our study aims to provide a novel framework for the continuous evaluation of stereoacuity under ambient lighting conditions using Bayesian inference. Methods: We applied a combination of psychophysical and expected entropy minimization procedures for the computation of a continuous stereoacuity threshold. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of ambient lighting during stereoacuity testing (ST) by adopting a bisection-matching based adaptive gamma calibration (AGC). Participants ($N=187$) including visually healthy controls ($N=51$), patients with Intermittent Divergent Squint (IDS; $N=45$), and controls with induced anisometropia (IA; $N=91$) performed ST with and without AGC under two lighting conditions: completely dark (20 cd/m$^2$) and normally lit (130 cd/m$^2$) rooms. Results: Our framework demonstrated "excellent" reliability ($> 0.9$) and a positive correlation with TNO (a clinical stereo test), regardless of whether AGC was conducted. However, when AGC is not performed, significant differences (Friedman $X_{r}^{2} = 28.015$; $p<0.00001$; Bland-Altman bias: 30 arc-sec) were found in stereoacuity thresholds between dark and light conditions for participants with IDS and IA. Controls are unaffected by AGC and yield a similar stereoacuity threshold under both lighting conditions. Conclusion: Our study proves that stereoacuity threshold is significantly deviated particularly in participants with IDS or IA stereo-deficits if ambient lighting is not taken into consideration. Moreover, our framework provides a quick (approximately 5-10 minutes) assessment of stereoacuity threshold and can be performed within 30 ST and 15 AGC trials. Significance: Our test is useful in planning treatments and monitoring prognosis for patients with stereo-deficits by accurately assessing stereovision.

翻译：目的：本研究旨在提供一种基于贝叶斯推断的环境光照条件下立体视觉连续评估新框架。方法：我们结合心理物理学方法与期望熵最小化程序计算连续立体视觉阈值，随后通过采用基于二分匹配的自适应伽马校准（AGC）评估环境光照在立体视觉测试（ST）中的影响。187名参与者（包括51名视觉健康对照者、45名间歇性外斜视（IDS）患者及91名诱导性屈光参差（IA）对照者）在两种光照条件（全暗房间20 cd/m²与正常照明房间130 cd/m²）下，分别进行有/无AGC的立体视觉测试。结果：无论是否实施AGC，本框架均展现出"极佳"的可靠性（>0.9）且与临床立体测试TNO呈正相关。但未实施AGC时，IDS与IA参与者在暗/亮环境下的立体视觉阈值存在显著差异（弗里德曼检验Xr²=28.015；p<0.00001；Bland-Altman偏倚：30角秒）。对照组不受AGC影响，在两种光照条件下均获得相近的立体视觉阈值。结论：本研究证实若未考虑环境光照因素，立体视觉阈值在IDS或IA立体视觉缺陷参与者中会出现显著偏差。此外，本框架可在约30次ST与15次AGC试验中（耗时约5-10分钟）快速完成立体视觉阈值评估。意义：本测试通过精准评估立体视觉功能，有助于为立体视觉缺陷患者制定治疗方案并监测预后。