This paper demonstrates that adopting out-of-place writes is essential for database systems to fully leverage SSD performance and extend SSD lifespan. We propose a set of out-of-place optimizations that collectively reduce write amplification across both the DBMS and SSD layers. We redesign the in-place, B-tree-based LeanStore to write out-of-place and support these optimizations, and evaluate it on diverse OLTP benchmarks, dataset sizes, and SSDs. The final design improves throughput by 1.65-2.24x and reduces flash writes per operation by 6.2-9.8x on YCSB-A. On TPC-C with 15,000 warehouses, throughput improves by 2.45x while flash writes decrease by 7.2x. Finally, we show that the architecture can seamlessly support novel SSD interfaces such as ZNS and FDP.

翻译：本文证明，采用异地写入对于数据库系统充分释放SSD性能并延长SSD寿命至关重要。我们提出了一系列异地写入优化策略，可共同减少数据库管理系统与SSD层之间的写放大效应。我们对基于原地写入B树的LeanStore系统进行重构，使其支持异地写入及其优化方案，并在多种OLTP基准测试、数据集规模及SSD环境下进行评估。最终设计在YCSB-A上将吞吐量提升1.65-2.24倍，并将每次操作的闪存写入量降低6.2-9.8倍。在包含15,000个仓库的TPC-C测试中，吞吐量提升2.45倍，闪存写入量减少7.2倍。此外，我们证明该架构能无缝支持ZNS与FDP等新型SSD接口。