In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of tactile data encodings using swell paper in comparison to visual encodings displayed with SVGs for data perception tasks. By replicating and adapting Cleveland and McGill's graphical perception study for the tactile modality, we establish a novel tactile encoding hierarchy. In a study with 12 university students, we found that participants perceived visual encodings more accurately when comparing values, judging their ratios with lower cognitive load, and better self-evaluated performance than tactile encodings. However, tactile encodings differed from their visual counterparts in terms of how accurately values could be decoded from them. This suggests that data physicalizations will require different design guidance than that developed for visual encodings. By providing empirical evidence for the perceptual accuracy of tactile encodings, our work contributes to foundational research on forms of data representation that prioritize tactile perception such as tactile graphics.

翻译：在本文中，我们探索了使用膨胀纸进行触觉数据编码的有效性，并将其与使用SVG显示的视觉编码在数据感知任务中进行比较。通过复制并改编克利夫兰和麦吉尔针对触觉模态的图形感知研究，我们建立了一个新颖的触觉编码层级结构。在一项涉及12名大学生的研究中，我们发现，参与者在比较数值、以较低认知负荷判断比值以及自我评估表现方面，视觉编码的感知准确性高于触觉编码。然而，触觉编码在数值解码的准确率上与其视觉对应物存在差异。这表明，数据物理化将需要不同于为视觉编码所开发的指导原则。通过为触觉编码的感知准确性提供经验证据，我们的研究为优先考虑触觉感知的数据表示形式（例如触觉图形）的基础研究做出了贡献。