Classical methods for analysing areal mortality data typically rely on Poisson mixed models, which account for spatial and unstructured variability through prior distributions such as the BYM2 prior. This paper investigates alternative modeling approaches for settings involving a large number of small areas. Specifically, we explore the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach for continuous risk surfaces, examining an existing model from the literature alongside a proposed modification that incorporates an unstructured random effect. Finally, we evaluate the performance of both hierarchical mixed Poisson models and SPDE-based frameworks through a comprehensive simulation study across various spatial configurations and aggregation levels. Furthermore, we apply these approaches to the analysis of lung cancer mortality among men and women across Spanish municipalities during the period 2009--2022.

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