Scalable distributed quantum computing (DQC) has motivated the design of multiple quantum data-center (QDC) architectures that overcome the limitations of single quantum processors through modular interconnection. While these architectures adopt fundamentally different design philosophies, their relative performance under realistic quantum hardware constraints remains poorly understood. In this paper, we present a systematic benchmarking study of four representative QDC architectures-QFly, BCube, Clos, and Fat-Tree-quantifying their impact on distributed quantum circuit execution latency, resource contention, and scalability. Focusing on quantum-specific effects absent from classical data-center evaluations, we analyze how optical-loss-induced Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair generation delays, coherence-limited entanglement retry windows, and contention from teleportation-based non-local gates shape end-to-end execution performance. Across diverse circuit workloads, we evaluate how architectural properties such as path diversity and path length, and shared BSM (Bell State Measurement) resources interact with optical-switch insertion loss and reconfiguration delay. Our results show that distributed quantum performance is jointly shaped by topology, scheduling policies, and physical-layer parameters, and that these factors interact in nontrivial ways. Together, these insights provide quantitative guidance for the design of scalable and high-performance quantum data-center architectures for DQC.

翻译：可扩展分布式量子计算（DQC）推动了多种量子数据中心（QDC）架构的设计，这些架构通过模块化互连克服了单个量子处理器的局限性。尽管这些架构采用了根本不同的设计理念，但它们在现实量子硬件约束下的相对性能仍然鲜为人知。本文对四种代表性QDC架构——QFly、BCube、Clos和Fat-Tree——进行了系统性基准测试研究，量化了它们对分布式量子电路执行延迟、资源争用和可扩展性的影响。聚焦于经典数据中心评估中不存在的量子特定效应，我们分析了由光学损耗引起的爱因斯坦-波多尔斯基-罗森（EPR）对生成延迟、相干性受限的纠缠重试窗口，以及基于隐形传态的非局域门所引发的争用，如何塑造端到端的执行性能。针对多样化的电路工作负载，我们评估了诸如路径多样性与路径长度等架构特性，以及共享的BSM（贝尔态测量）资源如何与光开关插入损耗和重配置延迟相互作用。我们的结果表明，分布式量子性能由拓扑结构、调度策略和物理层参数共同塑造，并且这些因素以非平凡的方式相互作用。这些见解共同为面向DQC的可扩展高性能量子数据中心架构设计提供了定量指导。