Recently, the Industry 5.0 is gaining attention as a novel paradigm, defining the next concrete steps toward more and more intelligent, green-aware and user-centric digital systems. In an era in which smart devices typically adopted in the industry domain are more and more sophisticated and autonomous, the Internet of Things and its evolution, known as the Internet of Everything (IoE, for short), involving also people, robots, processes and data in the network, represent the main driver to allow industries to put the experiences and needs of human beings at the center of their ecosystems. However, due to the extreme heterogeneity of the involved entities, their intrinsic need and capability to cooperate, and the aim to adapt to a dynamic user-centric context, special attention is required for the integration and processing of the data produced by such an IoE. This is the objective of the present paper, in which we propose a novel semantic model that formalizes the fundamental actors, elements and information of an IoE, along with their relationships. In our design, we focus on state-of-the-art design principles, in particular reuse, and abstraction, to build ``SemIoE'', a lightweight ontology inheriting and extending concepts from well-known and consolidated reference ontologies. The defined semantic layer represents a core data model that can be extended to embrace any modern industrial scenario. It represents the base of an IoE Knowledge Graph, on top of which, as an additional contribution, we analyze and define some essential services for an IoE-based industry.

翻译：近期，工业5.0作为一种新范式备受关注，它定义了迈向更智能、绿色感知和以用户为中心的数字系统的具体步骤。在当前工业领域普遍采用日益精密自主的智能设备的时代，物联网及其演进形态——即万物互联（简称IoE，将人、机器人、流程及数据纳入网络）——成为推动企业将人类体验与需求置于生态系统核心地位的主要驱动力。然而，由于所涉及实体具有极端异质性、协作需求与能力的内在要求，以及需要适应动态用户中心化情境，对IoE产生数据进行集成和处理需要特别关注。本文正是以此为研究目标，提出了一种新型语义模型，形式化地定义了IoE中的基本参与者、要素、信息及其相互关系。在设计过程中，我们遵循复用与抽象等前沿设计原则，构建了"SemIoE"——一种轻量级本体，其继承并扩展了经过验证的成熟参考本体概念。该语义层作为可扩展的核心数据模型，能够适配任何现代工业场景，并构成了IoE知识图谱的基础。在此基础上，我们作为额外贡献，分析并定义了面向基于IoE的工业场景的关键服务。